The most unique architectures in Vietnam

Vietnam’s architecture is anything but ordinary. Thousand-year-old temples squat next to sterling skyscrapers. Modern apartments nest atop creamy French villas. The old and new, local and foreign mingle in an eclectic mix. This distinct blend is what creates unforgettable urban spaces and rewarding exploration in Vietnam. Whether you are already an architecture lover or just a casual admirer, this chronological primer will walk you through the best of Vietnam’s must-see architecture.

Tran Dynasty Temples

Nobility and governance came to Ha Noi during the time of the Tran Dynasty. Today many Tran Dynasty structures, temples and pagodas remain in the capital, adding to its rich architectural diversity. The Tran Dynasty is often considered a golden era for art, culture and science in Vietnam. Tran architects championed these ideas, and their work also reflects the decadance and development of this era.

The Thang Long Imperial Citadel in Ha Noi, where the Tran kings ruled, is an essential stop for history lovers. Look out for the massive flagstaff and ancient bulwarks they built expanding the original Ly structure. Slightly south you will find the Temple of Literature. Though this Confucian learning centre was initially built in 1070, it was rebuilt and enhanced during the Tran Dynasty. The temple has seen many additions and changes over the years, but its innovative carpentry, enchanting temples and numerous courtyards make it one of Ha Noi’s most-loved attractions.

Modern skyscrapers and bridges

Vietnam’s booming economy means a new era of urban growth has arrived. Enormous skyscrapers are in the works in major cities, serving spectacular views of the changing skyline. Standing at 461 metres tall, Landmark 81 is the tallest building in Vietnam, and can be seen throughout the city. Construction for this colossal building began in 2015 and ended in 2018. The Bitexco Financial Building is another emblematic element of the Ho Chi Minh skyline. In the progressive city of Da Nang, the iconic Dragon Bridge and Golden Hands Bridge are both favourite photo stops, and symbols of Vietnam’s relentless forward motion.

Colonial architecture

Whilst walking around Vietnam, you may have to stop when suddenly being confronted with a typically French building. Architecturally, the French left their mark throughout Vietnam, all of the big cities have a number of stately structures that date from colonial times and, in many cases, they carry on serving the same function as they did under the French. This kind of architecture was developed in parallel with the process of colonial exploitation of the colonialism.

Particular characteristics of geographical and climatic conditions are relatively different; as a result, the European-style architecture had to have certain changes in order to deal with Vietnam’s weather conditions. While many of the old French residences have crumbled badly, others have been renovated and given a new lease on life as upper crust hotels full of French trimmings or restaurants.

Nguyen Dynasty

Hue city became the capital under Nguyen Dynasty so the development in the North was slowed down. In Thang Long, Khue Van Cac (Constellation of Literature pavilion), Ngoc Son temple and some structures were built. In contrast, the project in Hue were developed, especially, garden - house complex. Nowadays, we still see this distinctive design through the remained citadels, palaces, tomb, and gardened houses in Hue that is quite different from the tube type of houses in Ha Noi.

Relics of early imperial rulers

During the 10th century Vietnam was divided into 12 feuding kingdoms ruled by fearsome generals. One overthrew the rest, establishing the first united and imperial kingdom of Vietnam, Dai Co Viet. His capital was Hoa Lu, located in present-day Ninh Binh. This secluded region was strategically chosen for its steep karsts and winding rivers, which formed natural barriers from Chinese invaders. Over the course of 42 years the people of Hoa Lu saw three different dynasties and six kings, resulting in a mix of temples, pagodas and fortifications in Ninh Binh.

Vietnam’s capital was later moved to Ha Noi, however the Hoa Lu Citadel, the former seat of power, is still a must-see stop for its astonishing craftsmanship and calm atmosphere. For a peek at later architectural styles, visit Hang Mua for typical examples of Tran dynastic details and the equally picturesque Bich Dong Pagoda. Here you will find dramatic stone steps cut into limestone karsts, and pagodas tucked inside ancient rock faces.

See more: The most beautiful destinations in Northwest Vietnam

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